Theory

Ida Jean Orlando established her theory, which enables nurses to construct an effective nursing care plan that can also be quickly altered when and if the patient's complexity arises. Orlando's nursing theory emphasizes the mutual link between the patient and the nurse. It underlines the crucial relevance of patient involvement in the nursing process. According to the theory, any patient behavior, both verbal and nonverbal, can be understood as a cry for help, and it is the nurse's responsibility to study the behavior and assess the patient's needs. The five phases of the Deliberative Nursing Process include assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. She proposed that “patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations and therefore nurses must validate their inferences and analyses with patients before concluding”

Goals

The purpose of Ida Jean Orlando is to create a philosophy of successful nursing practice. According to the principle, the nurse's responsibility is to determine and address the patient's urgent requirements for assistance. According to the view, any patient conduct might be seen as a cry for assistance. The nurse's responsibility is to discover the nature of the patient's discomfort and give the assistance he or she requires through these.

Assumptions

Ida Jean Orlando’s model of nursing makes the following assumptions:

1. When patients cannot cope with their needs on their own, they become distressed by feelings of         helplessness.
2. In its professional character, nursing adds to the distress of the patient.
3. Patients are unique and individual in how they respond.
4. Nursing offers mothering and nursing analogous to an adult who mothers and nurtures a child.
5. The practice of nursing deals with people, the environment, and health.
6. Patients need help communicating their needs; they are uncomfortable and ambivalent about their dependency needs.
7. People can be secretive or explicit about their needs, perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. 
8. The nurse-patient situation is dynamic; actions and reactions are influenced by both the nurse and the patient.
9. People attach meanings to situations and actions that aren’t apparent to others.
10. Patients enter into nursing care through medicine.
11. The patient cannot state the nature and meaning of his or her distress without the nurse’s help or him or her first having established a helpful relationship with the patient.
12. Any observation shared and observed with the patient is immediately helpful in ascertaining and meeting his or her need or finding out that he or she is not in need at that time.
13. Nurses are concerned with the needs the patient is unable to meet on his or her own.

Key Concepts 

Ida Jean Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory is applied through the use of A.D.P.I.E. which, as stated in an article published in Walden University(n.d.) is an acronym pronounced “add-pie” which represents the 5 phases of the nursing process that are considered to be the standard of care for nurses that allow nurses to remain professional and active, the 5 phases in the A.D.P.I.E. are the Assessment, Diagnosis, Plan, Intervention, and Evaluation and are defined as follows.

1. Assessment

According to an article published in Lamar University (2021) stated that patient health assessment is an essential nursing responsibility as it is a critical component of every nursing care plan and that a nurse must have strong attention to detail. Assessment is the main source of the data from patients and is important in making a diagnosis, which can lead to a nursing plan making the assessment the foundation of the nursing process. The assessment gives nurses an idea on what to do and when to do it making assessment a key aspect of the nursing process.

2. Diagnosis

As stated by Gaines (2022), nursing diagnosis is a part of the nursing process that is a clinical judgment which helps nurses determine the care plan for their patients. The diagnosis plays a significant role in forming the nursing care plan as it is developed through a thoughtful consideration of the patient's signs and symptoms.

3. Plan

Gaines (2022) described the nursing care plan as containing relevant information about the patient's diagnosis with a goal of treatment. This phase focuses on the short-term and long-term goal of nurses with a goal of treating patients.  The short-term goal is what the nurse wants to happen immediately while the long-term goal is what the nurse wants to happen in a longer period of time and must be evidenced by certain signs that show improvement.

4. Intervention

As cited by Brooks (2019), medical dictionaries defined nursing intervention as “Any act by a nurse that implements the nursing care plan.” it can be as simple as patients to avoid bedsores and etc. nursing interventions are divided into 3 categories namely:

        a. Independent

            Where a nurse carries out an intervention on his/her own without consultation, collaboration or               order from a physician.

        b. Dependent

             Interventions that require a physician’s order which a nurse should follow.

        c. Interdependent

           An intervention requiring the collaboration or consultation of multiple members of the health                 care team.

5. Evaluation

The evaluation, as defined by Craven (1996) as cited by RNpedia (n.d.) is “The judgment of the effectiveness of nursing care to meet client goals”. This allows nurses to evaluate whether the nursing plan and intervention were effective measures and determine if the plan should be altered or if the problem has been resolved.